Prambanan Temple

Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia, berketinggian 47 meters, was built in the 9th century. Location is 17 km to the east of Yogyakarta on the road to Solo. The main temple of Shiva Temple (center), Temple of Brahma (south), Temple Vishnu (north). Temple is located in front of spacecraft (vehicle) as a vehicle Trimurti; Temple Space is the vehicle of Brahma (God of Guardians), Candi Nandi (Ox) is the vehicle of Shiva (Destroyer Gods) and the Temple of Garuda is the vehicle of Vishnu (the god creator).
On the wall of the temple baluster fence of the temple of Shiva and Brahma Ramayana story carved reliefs, while the fence Vishnu temple steps carved reliefs Krisnayana very beautiful. entered the temple of Shiva from the east turn left you will find relief of the Ramayana story in a clockwise direction, the next story continued relief at the temple of Brahma.
History
Prambanan temple is known back when a Dutchman named CALons visited Java in 1733 and reported on the existence of temple ruins overgrown shrubs. First attempt to rescue the Prambanan Temple conducted by IJzerman in 1885 by cleaning stalls from the ruins of stone temples. In 1902 building work begins, led by Van Erp for the temple of Shiva, Vishnu temple and Brahma temple. Attention to the Prambanan Temple continues to grow. In the year 1933 successfully organized the experiment Brahma and Vishnu Temple. After experiencing various obstacles, on December 23, 1953 renovated Shiva temple. Brahma Temple began in 1978 and renovated in 1987 inaugurated. Vishnu Temple began renovated in 1982 and completed in 1991. Subsequent restoration activities carried out on 3 perwara temple located in front of the temple of Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma temple besarta 4 color and 4 corner temples / stake.

Prambanan temple is the temple that was built by the kings of Sanjaya Dynasty in the ninth century. The discovery of writings on the temple's name raises Pikatan opinion that the temple was built by Rakai Pikatan which then resolved by Rakai Balitung numbered according to the inscription 856 AD "Inscription Siwargrarha" as a political manifest to confirm his position as king besar.Prasasti Siwargrarha year 856 AD is issued by the Rakai Pikatan unknown origin, are kept in the National Museum Jakarta.
These inscriptions began to attract attention after J.G. De Casparis successfully describe and discuss it. According to a 3 Casparis important thing in the prasati, namely: The language is the oldest example of dated inscriptions written in ancient Javanese poetry; It contains material or historical events is very important from the mid-abas to IX M; inside there is a description which detailed a "temples", something unique in the Javanese epigraphy kuna.Dari interesting description above is the event's history and a description of the construction of temples. Historical events in question is the battle between the family Sailendra Balaputeradewa against Rakai Pikatan of Sanjaya's family. Balaputeradewa defeated and fled to Sumatra. The consolidation of the royal family's Rakai Pikatan later became the beginning of a new period was inaugurated with the development needs of a large temples.
Prambanan Temple or Temple of Shiva is also often referred to as the temple of Roro related Jonggrang narrating legends about a virgin who Jonggrang (tall) who is the daughter of King Boko. Section bounded by the edge of the temple baluster fence decorated with reliefs of Ramayana story can be enjoyed with pradaksina to (walk around the temple to temple center is always on our right) through the hall.


Prambanan temple complex built by the Kings Wamca (Dinasty) Sanjaya in the 9th century. Prambanan is a complex of enshrinement in the main temple facing east, with the overall shape like mount the puppet 47 feet tall. Hinduism knows Tri Murti of Lord Brahma as the Creator, Lord Vishnu as the Preserver, the god Shiva as the Destroyer. The main chamber of the main temple occupied by Lord Shiva as the Supreme Deity so it can be concluded is a temple of Prambanan Shiva. Or Prambanan Shiva temple is also often referred to as the temple of Loro Jonggrang relate to the legend which tells about a virgin who Jonggrang or a tall girl, the daughter of King Boko, who built his empire on the hill south of the temple complex of Prambanan.
Section bounded by the temple baluster fence, decorated with reliefs of Ramayana can be enjoyed when we berperadaksina (walk around the temple with cansi center is always on the right of us) through the hall. The story continues on the fence balustrade of Brahma temple located on the left (south) of the main temple. Was the Vishnu temple baluster fence located on the right (north) of the temple, carved reliefs depicting the story Kresnadipayana childhood story of King Krishna as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu in eradicating keangkaramurkaan want in the world.

Booth overlooking the main temple to the north of Parung Durga, consort Lord Shiva, but generally people call it a statue of Roro Jonggrang, which according to legend, the stone statue before the body of life's beautiful daughter, who was condemned by the knights of Bandung Bondowoso, to complement ability to create a statue of a thousand men in one night.
Temple of Brahma and Vishnu temples each have a fruit stall occupied by statues of the gods in question.

The third front of the temple of Trimurti Gods that there are three temples which contain vehicle (vehicle) is the third god. All of them are now renovated and the only temple in the middle (in front of the temple of Shiva), still contains a statue of a bull named Nandi, Lord Shiva vehicle.
Statue of geese as a vehicle of Brahma and the eagle statue as Vishnu, the estimated vehicle used to fill chambers of the temple is located in front of the god's temple has now been restored.
Sixth temple represent the 2 groups facing each other, situated on a square yard, with sides 110 meters long.
In the yard stood the other temples, namely 2 brace temple with a height of 16 meters line of sight, which is a standing in the north and the other standing in the south, 4 temple curtain and 4 temple sedut.

Restoration and Repair
The transfer to the central Javanese kingdom of Mataram East terawatnya not result in the temples in the Prambanan, the condition is getting worse by the earthquake and the eruption of a few times to make Mount Merapi and Prambanan collapsed leaving debris scattered stones. Prambanan temple is known back when a Dutchman named CALons visited Java in 1733 and reported on the existence of temple ruins overgrown shrubs.
First attempt to rescue the temples of Prambanan conducted by IJzerman in 1885 by cleaning stalls from the ruins of stone temples. In the year 1902 began coaching jobs, led by Van Erp for the temple of Shiva, Vishnu temple and Brahma temple. Attention to the Prambanan Temple continues to grow. In the year 1933 successfully organized the experiment Brahma and Vishnu temples. After experiencing various obstacles resolved by the rebuilding of Indonesia, dated December 23, 1953 renovated Shiva temple and was officially declared by the President Dr. selasai. Ir. Sukarno.
Restoration of Prambanan temple in the region continue to be held, including the restoration of the temple of Brahma and Vishnu temples. Brahma temple restoration began in 1977 and was completed and inaugurated by Prof. Dr. Haryati Soebandio dated March 23, 1987. Wisnu Temple began renovated in 1982 completed and inaugurated by President Soeharto on 27 April 1991. Subsequent restoration activities carried out on the 3rd temple in front of the temple of Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma temple besarta 4 color and 4 corner temples.
Page in the Hindu community regarded as the most sacred page, located in the middle of the page that has the 222 meters, and in the beginning of the temples as many as 224 perwara deret around the page in 3 lines.

Pawon Temple

Pawon a place to store Vajranala, namely King Indera weapons in Indian mythology. Pawon Headquarters are located 1150 meters to the west of and be Mendut 1750 meters to the east of the Borobudur Temple, also a Buddhist temple. When studied in detail in relief, it is the beginning of the relief of Borobudur temple.
Name Pawon not be known for certain in origin, but according to JG Casparis interpret that Pawon derived from Javanese language "Awu" (= ash), received the prefix "pa" and the suffix "an" which indicates a place. In everyday language "Pawon" means "kitchen", but Casparis defines "perabuan". Local residents Pawon also mention the name "Bajranalan". This word may be derived from the language sangsekerta "Vajra" (= thunder) and "anala" (= fire). With the Indian mythology, the god depicted armed Vajranala Sense. Therefore, according to past studies of this temple is a place to store weapons of god Vajranala senses.
Commemoration in Pawon

From the form of rocks, the possibility of this Pawon made of volcanic stone. Pawon This is above the terrace and stairs rather wide. All parts are decorated with domes and outer walls of temples decorated with reliefs of biological tree (= Kalpataru) is flanked coffers and kinara-kinari (half-human creature half bird / bird-headed human body).
After the tour and see our full in relief, it's very possible is the beginning of the Borobudur reliefs. So it is clear that this Pawon is also a Buddhist temple.
Pawon is one of the many temples in Indonesia. This temple is located in the village of Borobudur, Borobudur District, Magelang regency, Central Java Province was exactly 1150 meters to the west of and be Mendut 1750 meters to the east of the Borobudur Temple.

This temple has a different name Brajanalan Temple. Many people think Pawon is a tomb, but after investigation proved to be a place to store weapons named King Indera Vajranala. This temple is made of volcanic stone. Pawon This is above the terrace and stairs rather wide. All parts are decorated with domes and outer walls of temples decorated with reliefs of biological tree (= Kalpataru) is flanked coffers and kinara-kinari (half-human creature half bird / bird-headed human body).

Pawon located right on the line joining the axis of Borobudur and Mendut. Location Mendut, Pawon and Borobudur Temple, located on a straight line underlying the allegations that the three Buddhist Temple has a close connection. Besides its location, the similarity of the three motifs carved on the temple is also underlie the linkages among the three. Poerbatjaraka, even argued that the temple is a memorial Pawon antlers (part of) Borobudour Temple. In the chamber of this temple is no longer a statue found that it is difficult to identify it further. The beauty of the art building Pawon architecture shows the greatness of our ancestors.

Mendut Temple

Mendut temple is located at the east of the straight line triad temple (Borobudur, Pawon, Mendut). This temple was founded by the dynasty and set berlakang Syailendra Buddhism, where it is shown in the form of the stupa there are 48 pieces in the atasnya.Tidak known exactly when this temple was founded. But a Dutch archaeological inscription mentions that found in didesa KARANGTENGAH bertarikh 824M Indra argued that the king had built the shrine called venunava which means bamboo forests. If this is true then surely Mendut founded in the 8th century AD.
On the inside of this temple there is a room containing the altar where the three statues of Buddha stands. All three statues are starting from the far left is Vajravani Bodhisattva, the Buddha Sakyamuni and Bodhisattva. These three Buddha statues are still in good condition, some flowers and incense seems dibagian lying underneath. An iron fence was built the statue of the front to avoid excessive visitor interaction / was not concerned over this third Buddha statue.
Reliefs found on temple walls are still clearly visible form / engraving. Relief contains the story of the moral teachings using animal characters (fables) as characters. There is a story of "Brahmins and Crab", "Goose and Turtle", "Two Birds of a Different Betet" and "Dharmabuddhi and Dustabuddhi", the contents of the story briefly is as follows:
"Brahmins and Kepeting": Telling the story of a Brahmin who saved a crab for the crab is then returned the favor with a way to save the Brahmin from the disruption of crows and snakes.
"Goose and Turtle": Talking about a tortoise who was flown two geese kedanau new. Because emotions in speech responded to what they do, the tortoise, so let go the ground and eventually fall off.
"Two Birds of a Different Betet": tells the parrot behavior of two very different because it only brought up by the Brahmins and the other by a highwayman.
"Dharmabuddhi and Dustabuddhi": Two different friends Dustabuddhi behavior which has accused the despicable nature Dharmabuddhi behave abominably, but eventually discovered and Dustabudhi crime nor sentenced.
Chronologically, Mendut discovered in 1836. Later in the year renovation in 1897 and 1904 at the temple of the body but the results are less satisfactory. In the year 1908 archaeologists restored again by the Dutch until the top can be rearranged. In 1925 a number of stupas that have dirapihkan, installed and reassembled. Building area as a whole is 13.7 X13, 7 height 26.4 meters meterdengan.

Buddha statues inside the booth is Mendut, Dyani Buddha statue or Vairocana Cakyamuni, Buddha statue or Lokesvara Avalokitesvara, and Vajrapani Bodhisattva statue. Dyani Buddha statue facing west Cakyamuni (which was in the middle), sitting with his legs position angle downward, tread on a lotus-shaped foundation. Attitude hands 'dharmacakramudra' which means playing 'wheel of life'.

Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue in the north Dyani Buddha statues Cakyamuni, facing south. This image is portrayed in a sitting position, legs folded into the left and right leg hanging down. Attitude hand, 'varamudra' are giving meaningful or preach. This Avalokitesvara Pengarcaan Budhisatva oversized dress with jewels in her ears, neck and shoulders brown, and wear a crown.

And Vajrapani Bodhisattva statue located on the left side of Sakyamuni Buddha statue facing north, described by wearing a dress like Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue. Pengarcaannya a sitting position, right leg folded up with your feet touching the thigh, left leg hanging down.
Mendut building standing on a 'basement' (base of the temple) 3.70 meters tall, so elegant, strong and authoritative. Basic size of the temple 13.70 meters x 13.70 meters. The number of levels up the temple there are 14 traps, facing northwest. Toward this direction is not uncommon for temples in Central Java. Because in general the temples in Central Java, facing east. In the basement there are surrounding the hall of the temple body width 2.48 meters. The roof of the temple consists of three levels decorated with small stupas numbered 48 men. From the image reconstruction, the temple was originally a temple top. But unfortunately, the top of the beautiful temple until now not been successfully reconstructed. Building stone and ornamental stone temple can not be reconstructed now neatly arranged in the courtyard of the temple to the north. Now this temple building height, 26.50 meters.
Indeed Mendut other temples in Indonesia. As a Buddhist temple, this temple has its own attraction. Not only the existence of a large Buddha statue, the temple is also decorated with reliefs depicting the Jataka story-story, laden with meaning legal doctrines' Cause and Effect. "Contour-reliefs were carved on the outside panels of the wing ladder below. Relief on the right describes the story, the tortoise is in danger, saved by two storks. It turned out that a crane was deceiving the tortoise. Salvation, the tortoise was brought to bite a piece of wood two birds flying bango it to be taken to a lake. Because the tortoise tricked, he dared to fight the bird by biting his neck. So the birds died because of his evil deeds. Fable story relief (the story with animal characters) others in another panel, tells about a monkey who helped and diseberangkan a crocodile. The monkey climbed on the back of a crocodile. Actually the crocodile wants to eat the liver of monkeys. In the middle of the river crocodile stopped, and want to rip the belly of apes with sharp teeth. But with the clever monkey told the crocodile that he was left on the opposite bank. And that stupid crocodile believed talk of apes, monkeys who then ordered to keep him all the way across the stream. Arriving at the side of the river, the monkey jumped to escape.
On the other reliefs illustrate the story, an elephant who became violent when he was in the midst of those who were convicted of crimes. But the elephant was a gentle and docile when she was around the ascetics, the bhiku, the atmosphere was calm and quiet. And many more Fable story relief from the Jataka stories carved in this temple. Because of this temple was built not only as a place of worship and contemplation, but also as a place to deepen the teachings of the Buddha for his people.
On the right of the entrance to the chambers of the temple (north side), there is a relief Kuvera. This relief illustrates Kuwera god, the god of Wealth. Description, there is a man who sat surrounded by children. Beneath it were jars filled with money. It is said in the beginning was Kuvera giant man-eating savage. But after meeting with the Buddha and given moral and noble character, he repented and changed temperament to be protective of children.
On the left side (south side) entrance to the chambers of the temple, reliefs Hariti terpahatkan sitting lap child. Hariti around there are many children playing. As Kuvera, also beginning raseksi Hariti cannibal, and after realized and converted into child protection after the meeting and given the good teachings of the Buddha. Even Hariti also known as the Goddess of Fertility.
Temple is located in the city area of District Mungkid Mendut is approximately 3 kilometers east of the Borobudur temple. Until now not known with certainty, when the temple was built. Drs. Soediman in English-language guidebook, 'Chandi Mendut. Its relationship with Pawon and Borobudur 'writing, in a Dutch archaeologist dissertations, JG de Casparis connect this temple with the king of the dynasty Sailendra, Indra. In the inscription dated Karangtengah 824 AD during the reign of King Samaratungga mention that King Indra, the king's father Samaratungga, has established the shrine named 'Venuvana', which means bamboo forests. And according to Bhiku Sri Pannyavaro Mahathera in narrative in a video film documentary "Jewels are forgotten, Buddhist temples in Java" mentioned, the original name of this temple is 'Venuvana Mandira', which means palace in the middle of the bamboo forests.
When rediscovered in 1834, this temple covered ground and shrubs. Like Borobudur, the temple is estimated mahapralaya also a victim of the eruption of Mount Merapi in 1006 AD Damaged so ravaged affected Merapi volcanic material. And for centuries these temples 'sank' swallowed up times, along with the displacement of the center of the kingdom in Central Java to East Java.

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is the biggest temple in Indonesia. Borobudur temple is located in Magelang, Central Java, in addition to being a busy tourist attraction visited, also a center of worship for Buddhists in Indonesia, especially at every celebration of Vesak. This is in accordance with the meaning of the name of 'convent in the hills ". Borobudur is currently designated as one of UNESCO World Heritage.

Borobudur History
Borobudur was built around 800 BC or 9th century. Borobudur Temple was built by the Mahayana Buddhists during the reign Sailendra. This temple was built in the heyday of Sailendra dynasty. The founder of the Borobudur Temple King Samaratungga from Sailendra dynasty or dynasties. The possibility of this temple was built around 824 AD and was completed around the year 900 AD in the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani who is the daughter of Samaratungga. While architects who contributed to build this temple according to the story of a hereditary named Gunadharma.

Borobudur own words based on the first written evidence, written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Governor General of the United Kingdom in Java, which gives the name of this temple. There is no written evidence that older who named this temple of Borobudur on. The only document that shows the existence of the oldest temple is Nagarakretagama book, written by mpu Prapanca in 1365. In the book was written that this temple was used as a place of Buddhist meditation.
The meaning of the name Borobudur "abbey in the hills", which comes from the word "coal" (temple or monastery) and "beduhur" (hills or high places) in Sanskrit. Therefore, in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, then this place since long ago used as a place of Buddhist worship.
This temple for centuries no longer used. Then because of volcanic eruptions, most of the buildings covered Borobudur volcanic soil. In addition, the building is covered with trees and shrubs for centuries. Then the building of this temple began in the time-forgotten Islam arrived in Indonesia around the 15th century.
In the year 1814 when the British occupied Indonesia, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard of the discovery of huge archaeological objects in the village of Magelang district Bumisegoro. Because of the great interest of the history of Java, then immediately ordered Raffles HC Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the discovery of the location was a hill covered with shrubs.
Cornelius assisted by about 200 men cut down trees and remove shrubs that covered the giant building. Because the building is considered fragile and could collapse, then report to the Raffles Cornelius invention includes several images. Since the discovery, Raffles received an award as one who started the restoration of Borobudur and world attention. In 1835, the entire area of the temple has been unearthed. This temple was restored to keep the Dutch colonial period.
After Indonesian independence, in 1956, the Indonesian government requested the assistance of UNESCO to examine the damage to Borobudur. Then in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO. However, this restoration was only really started to be done on August 10, 1973. The process of restoration was completed in 1984. Since 1991, Borobudur Temple, designated as World Heritage or World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Candi Borobudur
Borobudur temple is located in Magelang, Central Java, about 40 km from Yogyakarta. Borobudur Temple has 10 levels consisting of 6 levels of a square, circular level 3 circular and a main stupa as a peak. At every level there are several stupas. Altogether there are 72 domes in addition to the main stupa. In every stupa there is a statue of Buddha. Ten levels of Buddhist philosophy which describes the ten levels of Bodhisattva which must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha in nirvana. This perfection symbolized by the main stupa at the top level. Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure depicting Buddhist cosmology and the human way of thinking.
On the fourth side there is the temple gate and the stairs to the upper level like a pyramid. This illustrates the Buddhist philosophy that all life came from rocks. Stone later became sand, then into plants, then into the insect, then a wild animal and pets, and the last to be human. This process is known as reincarnation. The last process is the soul and finally went into nirvana. Each stage of enlightenment in this life process based on Buddhist philosophy is illustrated in reliefs and statues in the temple of Borobudur.
This huge building just a giant pile of stone blocks which have a total height of 42 meters. Each stone connected without using cement or adhesive. These stones are only connected by patterns and stacked. The base of Borobudur temple is about 118 m on each side. The stones used approximately 55,000 cubic meters. All the stones are taken from the river around the Borobudur Temple. These stones are cut and then transported and connected with a pattern like lego game. All without using glue or cement.
Meanwhile, relief began to be made after these rocks are stacked and connected end. Relief is on the temple walls. Borobudur has different relief 2670. Relief is read clockwise. This relief illustrates a story that I read it starts and ends at the gate to the east. This shows that the main gate of the Borobudur temple facing the east like most other Buddhist temples.
Vesak celebration at Borobudur
Every year on the full moon in May (or June in leap years), the Indonesian Buddhist Vesak commemorates the Borobudur Temple. Vesak is celebrated as the day of birth, death and the time when Siddhartha Gautama obtain the highest wisdom to become the Buddha Shakyamuni. The third event is called Vesak Trisuci. Vesak ceremony focused on the three Buddhist temples by walking from the Mendut Pawon and ends at Borobudur.
On the night of Vesak, especially during the peak moment of the full moon, Buddhists gathered around Borobudur. At that time, Borobudur is believed to be the gathering place of supernatural power. According to belief, at the time of Vesak, the Buddha will appear in a look at the top of the mountain in the south.
Borobudur
Currently, Borobudur has become a tourist attraction which attracts many tourists both local and foreign tourists. In addition, Borobudur has become a holy place for Buddhists in Indonesia and become the most important annual celebration of Vesak Buddhist.
Borobudur one of excellence and evidence of human intelligence has ever made in Indonesia. Borobudur become cultural attractions and major in Indonesia besides Bali and Jakarta. After visiting Borobudur, you can also visit the surrounding villages such as Karanganyar which has some interesting attractions.